Blood Reviews
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 71-82 , March 2006

The immunophenotype of acute myeloid leukemia: is there a relationship with prognosis?

  • Kylie D. Mason

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, Vic, Australia
    • ,
  • Surender K. Juneja

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, Vic, Australia
    • ,
  • Jeff Szer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Haematology & Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, Vic, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +61 3 9342 7737; fax: +61 3 9342 7386.

References 

  1. Keating MJ, Smith TL, Gehan EA, McCredie KB, Bodey GP, Freireich EJ. A prognostic factor analysis for use in development of predictive models for response in adult acute leukemia. Cancer 1982;50:457–65.
  2. Keating MJ, Smith TL, Kantarjian H, Cork A, Walters R, Trujillo JM, et al. Cytogenetic pattern in acute myelogenous leukemia: a major reproducible determinant of outcome. Leukemia. 1988;2:403–412
  3. Griffin JD, Davis R, Nelson DA, Davey FR, Mayer RJ, Schiffer C, et al. Use of surface marker analysis to predict outcome of adult acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood. 1986;68:1232–1241
  4. Campana D, Coustan-Smith E. Detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia by flow cytometry. Cytometry. 1999;38:139–152
  5. Schwarzinger I, Valent P, Koller U, Marosi C, Schneider B, Haas O, et al. Prognostic significance of surface marker expression on blasts of patients with de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1990;8:423–430
  6. San Miguel JF, Ojeda E, Gonzalez M, Orfao A, Canizo MC, Sanchez J, et al. Prognostic value of immunological markers in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 1989;3:108–111
  7. Tucker J, Dorey E, Gregory WM, Simpson AP, Amess JA, Lister TA, et al. Immunophenotype of blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia may be a useful predictive factor for outcome. Hematol Oncol. 1990;8:47–58
  8. Solary E, Casasnovas RO, Campos L, Bene MC, Faure G, Maingon P, et al. Surface markers in adult acute myeloblastic leukemia:Correlation of CD19+, CD34+ and CD14+/DR– phenotypes with shorter survival. Groupe d’Etude Immunologique des Leucemies (GEIL). Leukemia. 1992;6:393–399
  9. Campos L, Guyotat D, Archimbaud E, Devaux Y, Treille D, Larese A, et al. Surface marker expression in adult acute myeloid leukaemia: correlations with initial characteristics, morphology and response to therapy. Br J Haematol. 1989;72:161–166
  10. Ball ED, Davis RB, Griffin JD, Mayer RJ, Davey FR, Arthur DC, et al. Prognostic value of lymphocyte surface markers in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 1991;77:2242–2250
  11. Cross AH, Goorha RM, Nuss R, Behm FG, Murphy SB, Kalwinsky DK, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia with T-lymphoid features: a distinct biologic and clinical entity. Blood. 1988;72:579–587
  12. Van Putten WLJ, L.B. Prognostic factors in Adult AML. Blood 1997;90(Suppl1):65a.
  13. Lowenberg B, Burnett A. Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2001;341:1051–1062
  14. Mrozek K, Heinonen K, Bloomfield CD. Clinical significance of cytogenetics in acute myeloid leukemia. Semin Oncol. 1997;24:17–31
  15. Jaffe EH, Stein NL, Vardiman H. Pathology and genetics of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. In: Kleihues P. SL, editor. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2001.
  16. Bennett JC, Daniel D, Flandrin MT, Galton G, Gralnick HR, Sultan C, Proposed revised criteria for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. A report of the French-American-British (FAB) co-operative group. Intern Med 1985;103:620-5.
  17. Bene MC, Knapp W, Ludwig WD, Matutes E, Orfaro A, Van’t Veer MB. for the European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias (EGIL). Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukemias. Leukemia. 1995;9:1783–1786
  18. Jennings CD, Foon KA. Recent advances in flow cytometry: Application to the Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancy. Blood. 1997;90:2863–2892
  19. Bradstock KF. The diagnostic and prognostic value of immunophenotyping in acute leukemia. Pathology. 1993;25:367–374
  20. Legrand O, Perrot J, Baudard Y, Cordier M, Lautier A, Simonin R, et al. The immunophenotype of 177 adults with acute myeloid leukemia: proposal of a prognostic score. Blood. 2000;96:870–877
  21. Bradstock K, Bishop J, Matthews J, Benson E, Page F, et al. Prognostic value of immunophenotyping in acute myeloid leukemia. Australian Leukaemia Study Group. Blood. 1994;84:1220–1225
  22. Tien HF, Wang CH, Lin MT, Lee FY, Liu MC, Chuang SM, et al. Correlation of cytogenetic results with immunophenotype, genotype, clinical features, and ras mutation in acute myeloid leukemia. A study of 235 Chinese patients in Taiwan. Cancer Genet Cytogen. 1995;84:60–68
  23. Bonnet D, Dick JE. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nature Med. 1997;7:730–737
  24. Chang H, Salma F, Yi Q, Patterson L, Brien B, Minden B, et al. Prognostic relevance of immunophenotyping in 379 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res. 2004;28:43–48
  25. Lauria F, Raspadori D, Ventura MA, Rondelli D, Testoni N, Tosi P, et al. The presence of lymphoid-associated antigens in adult acute myeloid leukemia is devoid of prognostic relevance. Stem Cells. 1995;13:428–434
  26. Geller RB, Zahurak M, Hurwitz CA, Burke PJ, Karp JE, Piantadosi S, et al. Prognostic importance of immunophenotyping in adults with acute myelocytic leukaemia: The significance of the stem cell glycoprotein CD34 (My-10). Br J Haematol. 1990;76:340–347
  27. Porwit-MacDonald AJ, Ivory G, Swirsky K, Peters D, Wheatley R, Walker K, et al. Leukemia-associated changes identified by quantitative flow cytometry. IV. CD34 overexpression in acute myelogenous leukemia M2 with t(8;21). Blood. 1996;87:1162–1169
  28. Casasnovas RO, Campos L, Mugneret F, Charrin C, Bene MC, Garand R, et al. Immunophenotypic patterns and cytogenetic anomalies in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes: a prospective study of 432 patients. Leukemia. 1998;12:34–43
  29. Wells SJ, Bray RA, Stempora LL. Farhi DC. CD117/CD34 expression in leukemic blasts. Haematopathol. 1996;106:192–195
  30. Lerner NB, Nocka KH, Cole SR, Qiu FH, Strife A, et al. Monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 identifies the human c-kit protein product. Blood. 1991;77:1876–1883
  31. Ashman LK, Roberts MM, Gadd SJ, Cooper SJ, Juttner CA. Expression of a 150kd cell surface antigen identified by a monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 is associated with poor prognosis in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res. 1988;12:923–928
  32. Reuss-Borst MA, Buhring HJ, Schmidt H, Muller CA. AML: immunophenotypic heterogeneity and prognostic significance of c-kit expression. Leukemia. 1994;8:258–263
  33. Ikeda H, Kanakura Y, Tamaki T. Expression and functional role of the proto-oncogene c-kit in acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. Blood. 1991;78:2962–2968
  34. Callea V, Morabito F, Martino B, Stelitano C, Oliva B, Nobile F. Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of the immunophenotype in acute myelocytic leukemia. Tumori. 1991;77:28–31
  35. Callea V, Morabito F, Martino B, Stelitano C, Oliva B, Noble F. Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of the immunophenotype in acute myelocytic leukemia. Neoplasma. 1990;37:431–438
  36. Guglielmi C, Martelli MP, Diverio D, Fenu S, Vegna ML, Cantu-Rajnoldi A. Immunophenotype of adult and childhood acute promyelocytic leukaemia: correlation with morphology, type of PML gene breakpoint and clinical outcome. A cooperative Italian study on 196 cases. Br J Haematol. 1998;102:1035–1041
  37. Miwa H, Nakase K, Kita K. Biological characteristics of CD7 (+) acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 1996;21:239–244
  38. Kita K, Miwa H, Nakase K, Kawakami K, Kobayashi T, Shirakawa S, et al. Clinical importance of CD7 expression in acute myelocytic leukemia. The Japan Cooperative Group of Leukemia/Lymphoma. Blood. 1993;81:2399–2405
  39. Venditti A, Del Poeta G, Buccisano F, Tamburini A, Cox-Froncillo MC, Aronica G, et al. Prognostic relevance of the expression of Tdt and CD7 in 335 cases of acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 1998;12:1056–1063
  40. Kornblau SM, Thall P, Huh YO, Estey E, Andreff M. Analysis of CD7 expression in acute myelogenous leukemia: martingale residual plots combined with ‘optimal’ cutpoint analysis reveals absence of prognostic significance. Leukemia. 1995;9:1735–1741
  41. Eto TA, Harada K, Shibuya M, Takamatsu T, Teshima Y, Niho T. Biological characteristics of CD7 positive acute myelogenous leukemia. Br J Haematol. 1992;82:508–514
  42. Shimamoto T, Ohyashiki JH, Ohyashiki K, Kawakubo K, Inatomi Y, Fujieda H, et al. Clinical and biologic characteristics of CD7+ acute myeloid leukemia. Our experience and literature review. Cancer Genet Cytogen. 1994;73:69–74
  43. Saxena A, Sheridan DP, Card RT, McPeek AM, Mewdell CC, Skinnider LF. Biologic and clinical significance of CD7 expression in acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol. 1998;58:278–284
  44. Cuneo A, Michaux JL, Ferrant A, VanHove L, Bosly A, Stul M, et al. Correlation of cytogenetic patterns and clinicobiological features in adult acute myeloid leukemia expressing lymphoid markers. Blood. 1992;79(3):720–725
  45. Lo Coco F, De Rossi G, Pasqualetti D, Diverio D, Latagliata R, Fenu S, et al. CD7 positive acute myeloid leukemia: a subtype associated with cell immaturity. Br J Haematol. 1989;73:480–485
  46. Miwa H, Kita K, Nishii K, Morita N, Takakura N, Ohishi K, et al. Expression of MDR1 gene in acute leukemia cells: association with CD7+ acute myeloblastic leukemia/acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1993;82:3445–3451
  47. Casasnovas RO, Slimane FK, Garand R, Faure GC, Campos L, Deneys V, et al. Immunological classification of acute myeloblastic leukemias: relevance to patient outcome. Leukemia. 2003;17:515–527
  48. Raspadori D, Damiani D, Lenoci M, Rondelli D, Testoni N, Nardi G, et al. CD56 antigenic expression in acute myeloid leukemia identifies patients with poor clinical prognosis. Leukemia. 2001;15:1161–1164
  49. Murray CK, Estey E, Paietta E, Howard RS, Edenfield WJ, Pierce S, et al. CD56 expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia: a possible indicator of poor treatment outcome?. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:293–297
  50. Paietta E, Andersen J, Gallagher RE. The immunophenotype of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): An ECOG study. Leukemia. 1994;8:1108–1112
  51. Reading CL, Estey EH, Huh YO, Claxton DF, Sanchez G, Terstappen LW, et al. Expression of unusual immunophenotype combinations in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 1993;81:3083–3090
  52. Ferrara F, Di Noto R, Annunizata M, Copia C, LoPardo C. Immunophenotypic analysis enables the correct prediction of t (8;21) in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1998;102:444–448
  53. Kahl C, Florschutz A, Leuner S, Arland M, Janssen JWG, Franke A, et al. CD7/CD56 double positive acute myelogenous leukemia. Lab Hematol. 1999;5:115–120

PII: S0268-960X(05)00042-1

doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2005.08.002

Blood Reviews
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 71-82 , March 2006

Article Tools