« Previous
Next »
Blood Reviews
Volume 21, Issue 4
, Pages 183-200
, July 2007
Cryoglobulinemia
References
- . Hyperproteinemia associated with multiple myeloma. Bull John Hopkins Hosp. 1933;52:156–165
- . Studies of cryoglobulins. Unusual purpura associated with the presence of a high concentrations of cryoglobulin (cold precipitate serum globulin). Am J Med Sci. 1947;314:410–415
- . Cryoglobulinemia: a study of 29 patients. IgG and IgM cryoglobulins and factors effecting cryoprecipitability. Am J Med. 1966;40:828–836
- . Biological and clinical significance of cryoglobulins: a report of 86 cases. Am J Med. 1974;57:775–788
- Montagnino G. Reappraisal of the clinical expression of mixed cryoglobulinemia: Springer Semin Immunopathol 1988;10:1–19.
- Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of cryoglobulins and identification of an IgM-associated peptide. J Immunol Meth. 1994;173:63–75
- Characterization of cryoglobulins by immunoblotting. Clin Chem. 1992;38:798–802
- Immunochemical characterization of monoclonal IgG containinig mixed cryoglobulinemia. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1994;70:166–170
- . Evaluation of cryoglobulins. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1999;123:119–125
- Hypercomplementaemia as a marker of the evolution from benign to malignant B-cell proliferation in patients with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:791–792
- . The presence of cryoprecipitable immunoglobulins in normal human sera may reflect specific molecular interactions. Autoimmunity. 1989;37:187–192
- Association between hepatitis B virus and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:946–947
- Hepatitis B virus-related markers in secondary and in essential mixed cryoglobulinemias: a multicentric study of 596 cases:. Ann Ital Med Int. 1992;7:209–214
- . Cryoglobulins. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55:4–13
- Cryoglobulins and infectious diseases. Ric Clin Lab. 1986;16:301–313
- . The cryoglobulins an overview. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31:628–638
- . Mixed cryoglobulinemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: prevalence, significance and relationship with different viral genotypes. Ann Med. 1999;31:352–358
- Cryoglobulinemia in chronic liver disease: role of hepatitis C and liver damage. Gastroenterology. 1994;106:1230–1291
- Active hepatitis C virus infection in the bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Clin Exp Immunol. 1994;97:87–93
- Localization of hepatitis virus C antigens in liver and skin tissues of chronic hepatitis C virus infected patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Hepatology. 1995;21:305–312
- Binding of hepatitis C virus on CD81. Science. 1998;282:938–941
- HCV genotypes and cryoglobulinemia. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995;13(Suppl 13):S79–S82
- Extrahepatic immunologic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis C virus serotypes. Ann Int Med. 1995;122:169–173
- Dynamics of hepatitis C virus replication in human liver. Am J Pathol. 2003;163:433–444
- . Virological anlysis and phenotypic characterization of peripheral blood lymphocytes of hepatitis C virus infected patients with and without mixed cryoglobulinemia. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006;143:288–296
- . Cryoglobulinemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2005;368–372
- Structure-function analysis of hepatitis C virus envelope-CD81 binding. J Virol. 2000;74:4824–4830
- Activation of naive B lymphocytes via CD81, a pathogenetic mechanism for hepatitis C virus-associated B lymphocyte disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:18544–18549
- . Hepatitis C virus and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma 10 years later. Dig Liv Dis. 2005;37:219–226
- Intrahepatic B cell clonal expansions and extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection. Eur J Immunol. 2004;34:126–136
- . Cryoglobulinemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1999;13:1315–1349
- . Clonal B-cell expansion in peripheral blood of HCV-infected patients. Br J Hematol. 1995;90:548–552
- Sequence analysis of the immunoglobulin antigen receptor of hepatitis C virus-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas suggests that the malignant cells are derived from the rheumatoid factor-producing cells that occur mainly in type II cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 2000;96:3578–3584
- Somatic hypermutation, clonal diversità and preferential expression of the VH 51p1/V L kv325 immunoglobulin gene combination in hepatitis C associated immunocytomas. Blood. 1998;91:2433–2442
- . Type II mixed cryoglobulinemia as an oligo rather than a mono B-cell disorder: evidence from GeneScan and MALDI-TOF analyses. Rheumatology. 2006;45:685–693
- Detailed analysis of the E2-IgM complex in hepatitis C-related type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. J Viral Hepatol. 2006;13:166–176
- Prevalence of bcl-2 rearrangement in patients with hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia with or without B-cell lymphomas. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:571–580
- Bcl-2 rearrangement in patients with chronic hepatitis C associated with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia type II. Blood. 2000;96:2910–2912
- Monteverde A, Ballarè M, Pileri S. Hepatic lymphoid aggregates in chronic hepatitis C and mixed cryoglobulinemia Springer Semin Immunopathol 1997;19:99–110.
- . Monoclonal lymphocyte proliferation and bcl-2 rearrangement in essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Eur J Clin Invest. 1995;25:833–837
- Mixed cryoglobulinemia: clinical aspects and long term follow-up of 40 patients. Am J Med. 1980;69:287–308
- Cryoglobulinemias: a multicentre study of the early clinical and laboratori manifestations of primary and secondary disease. GISC Italian Group for the study of Cryoglobulinemias. QJM. 1995;88:115–126
- Cryoglobulinemia:study of etiologic factors and clinical and immunologic features in 443 patients from a single center. Medicine (Baltimore). 2001;80:252–262
- Characteristic and outcome of 49 patients with symptomatic cryoglobulinemia. Rheumatology. 2002;41:290–300
- Longterm corse of mixed cryoglobulinemia in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:2199–2206
- Ferri C, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D et al. Mixed cryoglobulinemia: demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 321 patients Seminars Arthritis and rheumatism 2004;33:355–374.
- Natural history and therapy of 66 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Am J Hematol. 2006;81:511–518
- . Hepatitis C virus, cryoglobulinemia, and vasculitis: immune complex relations. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:227–236
- . Renal manifestations of hepatitis C infection. Am J Med. 1999;106:347–354
- . Renal involvement in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Kidney Int. 1989;54:1004–1014
- Long-term predictors of survival in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1995;47:618–623
- Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:465–470
- . The clinical and morphological spectrum of renal cryoglobulinemia. Medicine. 2002;81:398–409
- . Type II mixed cryoglobulinemia, hepatitis C infection, and glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996;11:25–30
- . Hepatitis C virus RNA and core protein in kidney glomerular and tubular structures isolated with laser capture microdissection. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005;140:498–506
- . Cryoglobulinemia is a frequent cause of peripheral neuropathy in undiagnosed referral patients. Peripher Nerv Syst. 2002;7:59–64
- Peripheral neuropathy in mixed cryoglobulinemia: clinical and electrophysiologic investigations. J Rheumatol. 1992;19:889–895
- Clinical spectrum of cryoglobulinaemic neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1410–1414
- Prevalence and characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis C virus population. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77:626–629
- Peripheral nervous system involvement in HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia. Reumatismo. 2001;53:26–32
- Peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis related mixed cryoglobulinemia: electrophysiologic follow-up study. Muscle nerve. 2005;31:382–385
- The pathogenesis of cryoglobulinemic neuropathy. Neurology. 1982;32:725–729
- T-cell-mediated epineurial vasculitis and humoral-mediated microangiopathy in cryoglobulinemic neuropathy. J Neuroimmunol. 1997;73:145–154
- Central nervous system involvement in patients with HCV-related cryoglobulinemia. Am J Med Sci. 1998;315:208–210
- . Cerebral ischemia in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and mixed cryoglobulinemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71:671–678
- Central nervous system involvement in hepatitis C virus cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: a multicenter case-control study using magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsycological tests. J Rheumatol. 2005;3:484–488
- . Hepatitis C virus, Sjögren’s syndrome and B-cell lymphoma: linking infection, auttoimmunity and cancer. Autoimmun Rev. 2005;4:8–15
- . Cryoglobulinemia in autoimmune rheumatic disease. Evidence of circulating monoclonal cryoglobulins in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29:1098–1104
- . Mixed cryoglobulinemia after hepatitis C virus: more or less ambiguity. Ann Rheumatol Dis. 1998;57:701–702
- Hepatitis C, cryoglobulinemia, and cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2002;36:978–985
- Cryoglobulinemia is associated with steatosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepathology. 2006;43:1337–1345
- Interferon-alpha in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients: a randomized, crossover-controlled trial. Blood. 1993;81:1132–1136
- Interferon-alpha-2 therapy in cryoglobulinemia patients associated with hepatitis C virus. N Eng J Med. 1994;330:751–756
- Natural Interferon-α versus its combination with 6-Methyl-Prednisolone in therapy of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia: a long term randomized controlled study. Blood. 1994;84:3336–3343
- Treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia with recombinant interferon-alpha and adjuvant therapies. A prospective study on 20 patients. Ann Med Interne. 1996;147:81–86
- Predictors of long term response to high dose interferon therapy in type II cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Blood. 1997;90:3865–3873
- Interferon therapy in HCV-positive mixed cryoglobulinemia: viral and host factors contributing to efficacy of therapy. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997;29:343–350
- Cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C: worsening of peripheral neuropathy after interferon alpha treatment. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1999;23:403–406
- Cid MC, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Robert J et al. Interpheron-alpha may exacerbate cryoglobulinemia-related ischemic manifestations:an adverse effect potentially related to its anti-angiogenic activity. Arthritis Rheum 199;42:1051–1055.
- Quantitative evaluation of hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with concurrent human immunodeficiency virus infections. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:2679–2685
- Ribavirin in hepatitis C related cryoglobulinemia. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1115–1117
- Sustained response to interferon-alpha plus ribavirin in hepatitis C virus-associated symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinemia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13:1179–1186
- Treatment of refractory, symptomatic hepatitis C virus related mixed cryoglobulinemia with ribavirin and interferon-alpha. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:2172–21178
- Donada C, Crucitti A, Donadon V, et al. Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood 198;92:2983-2984.
- Interferon plus ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus positive mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:1775–1780
- Treatment with peg-interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: a pilot study. J Hepatol. 2005;42:632–638
- . Pegylate and interferon-alpha-2b and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus-related systemic vasculitis. Arthitis Rheumatism. 2005;52:911–915
- Influence of antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic MPGN. Am J Kydney Dis. 2004;43:617–623
- Regresssion of monoclonal B-cell expansion in patients affected by mixed cryoglobulinemia responsive to alpha-interferon therapy. Cancer. 1996;77:2604–2613
- Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes associated with type II cryoglobulinemia and HCV infection: a new entity?. Blood. 2005;105:74–76
- Response to antiviral treatment in hepatitis C virus-associated marginal zone lymphomas. Leukemia. 2004;18:1711–1716
- Role of anti hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HCV related low-grade, B-cell, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a multicenter Italian Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:468–473
- Regression of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes after treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. N Eng J Med. 2002;347:89–94
- . Treatment of HCV related mantle cell lymphoma with ribavirin and pegylate interferon-alpha. N Eng J Med. 2003;349:2078–2079
- . The low antigen content diet in treatment of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Conn Tiss Dis. 1999;11:61–66
- . Monoclonal antibody treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon-α with an anti-CD20. Blood. 2003;101:3818–3826
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 2003;101:3827–3834
- Response to rituximab in patients with type II cryoglobulinemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2006;7:140–144
- Rituximab induces remission in refractory HCV associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Ann Rheumatic Dis. 2003;62:1230–1233
- Rituximab therapy for mixed cryoglobulinemia in seven renal transplanted patients. Transplant Proc. 2006;38:2308–2310
- Rituximab treatment for glomerulonephritis in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: efficacy and safety in the absence of steroids. Rheumatology. 2006;45:842–846
PII: S0268-960X(06)00076-2
doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2006.12.002
© 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Blood Reviews
Volume 21, Issue 4
, Pages 183-200
, July 2007
