« Previous
Blood Reviews
Volume 23, Issue 5
, Pages 225-229
, September 2009
Basic mechanisms and pathogenesis of venous thrombosis
References
- . Vascular bed-specific thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:283–291
- . Role of hemostatic gene polymorphisms in venous and arterial thrombotic disease. Blood. 2000;95:1517–1532
- . A combination of factor Xa and phosphatidylcholine–phosphatidylserine vesicles bypasses factor VIII in vivo. Br J Haematol. 1988;69:491–497
- Infusion of phospholipid vesicles amplifies the local thrombotic response to TNF and anti-protein C into a consumptive response. Thromb Haemost. 1996;75:578–584
- . The structure and growth of valve-pocket thrombi in femoral veins. J Clin Pathol. 1974;27:517–528
- . Peripheral venous disease. In: Beers MH, Berkow R editor. The merck manual of geriatrics. 3rd ed.. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories; 2000;p. 923–932
- . Precipitating factors in venous thrombosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1954;98:96–102
- . Part III. Pathologic venous valves. In: Gottlob R, May R editor. Venous valves: morphology, function, radiology, surgery. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1986;p. 82–92
- . Postmortem intraosseous phlebography as an aid in studies of venous thromboembolism: with application on a geriatric clientele. Angiology. 1969;20:155–176
- . Venous stasis in the lower extremities. Ann Surg. 1960;152:678–683
- . The PO2 in venous valve pockets: its possible bearing on thrombogenesis. Br J Surg. 1981;68:166–170
- Brooks EG, Trotman W, Wadsworth MP, et al. Valves of the deep venous system: The overlooked risk factor. Blood 2009; in press, doi:10.1182/blood-2009-03-209981.
- . Inflammation and the activated protein C anticoagulant pathway. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2006;32(Suppl. 1):49–60
- Membrane thrombomodulin levels are decreased during hypoxia and restored by cAMP and IBMX. Thromb Res. 1994;77:305–310
- . Hypoxia modulates the barrier and coagulant function of cultured bovine endothelium: increased monolayer permeability and induction of procoagulant properties. J Clin Invest. 1990;85:1090–1098
- Macrovascular and microvascular endothelium during long-term hypoxia: Alterations in cell growth, monolayer permeability, and cell surface coagulant properties. J Cell Physiol. 1991;146:8–17
- . Hypoxia/hypoxemia-induced activation of the procoagulant pathways and the pathogenesis of ischemia-associated thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:2029–2035
- Influence of hypoxia and hypoxia-reoxygenation on endothelial P-selectin expression. Thromb Res. 1996;85:159–164
- P-selectin and leukocyte microparticles are associated with venous thrombogenesis. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38:1075–1089
- Accumulation of tissue factor into developing thrombi in vivo is dependent upon microparticle P-selectin glycoprotein 1 and platelet P-selectin. J Exp Med. 2003;197:1585–1598
- Blood-borne tissue factor: another view of thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA). 1999;96:2311–2315
- . Selective cellular expression of tissue factor in human tissues: Implications for disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis. Am J Pathol. 1989;134:1087–1097
- . Nuclear translocation of human angiogenin in cultured human umbilical artery endothelial cells is microtubule and lysosome independent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997;238:305–312
- Decreased venous thrombosis with an oral inhibitor of P selectin. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42:329–336
- Venous thrombosis prophylaxis by inflammatory inhibition without anticoagulation therapy. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:309–324
- . Antithrombin III stimulates prostacyclin production by cultured aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;163:1404–1411
- . Precipitating factors in venous thrombosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1954;98:96–102
- Macrovascular thrombosis is driven by tissue factor derived primarily from the blood vessel wall. Blood. 2005;105:192–198
- . Blood coagulation. In: 6th ed.. Nathan DG, Orkin SH, Ginsburg D, Look AT editor. Nathan and Oski’s hematology of infancy and childhood. vol. 2:Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company; 2003;p. 1475–1496
- . Use of endothelium cultured on microcarriers as a model for the microcirculation. Lab Invest. 1982;47:498–504
- . Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA). 1981;78:2249–2252
- . The roles of protein C and thrombomodulin in the regulation of blood coagulation. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:4743–4746
- Inherited thrombophilia: Part 1. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76:651–662
- Inherited thrombophilia: Part 2. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76:824–834
- . Elevated clotting factor levels and venous thrombosis. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2004;33:399–400
- . Inhibition of activated protein C anticoagulant activity by prothrombin. Blood. 1999;94:3839–3846
- . Venous thrombosis: a multicausal disease. Lancet. 2009;353:1167–1173
- . An update on clinical and basic aspects of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 1995;5:141–148
- . Plasma protein S deficiency in familial thrombotic disease. Blood. 1984;64:1297–1300
- . Identification and characterization of a thrombomodulin gene mutation coding for an elongated protein with reduced expression in a kindred with myocardial infarction. Blood. 2000;95:569–576
- A 23bp insertion in the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) gene impairs EPCR function. Thromb Haemost. 2001;86:945–948
- Dysfunction of endothelial protein C activation in severe meningococcal sepsis. New Engl J Med. 2001;345:408–416
- . Down-regulation of endothelial expression of endothelial cell protein C receptor and thrombomodulin in coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:797–802
- . Cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans from human vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:20435–20443
- Epidemiology of coagulation factors, inhibitors and activation markers: the third glasgow MONICA survey I. Illustrative reference ranges by age, sex and hormone use. Br J Haematol. 1997;97:775–784
- . Increasing trends in waist circumference and abdominal obesity among U.S. adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15:216–224
- . Venous thrombosis in the elderly: more questions than anwers. Blood. 2007;110:3097–3101
- The relationship between exercise and risk of venous thrombosis in elderly people. JAGS. 2008;56:517–522
- . Risks of oral anticoagulant therapy with increasing age. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1527–1532
- . Venous thrombosis in the elderly. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(Suppl. 1):310–317
- Coagulation factors, inflammation markers, and venous thromboembolism: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology (LITE). Am J Med. 2002;113:636–642
- . Risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after acute infection in a community setting. Lancet. 2006;367:1075–1079
- . The clinical spectrum of heterozygous protein C deficiency in a large New England kindred. Blood. 1989;73:712–717
- . Obesity: risk of venous thrombosis and the interaction with coagulation factor levels and oral contraceptive use. Thromb Haemost. 2003;89:493–498
- . Venous thromboembolic disease in users of low-estrogen combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives. Contraception. 2004;70:3–10
- . Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy associated venous thromboembolism. BMJ. 2007;334:1318–1321
- . Cancer-associated thrombosis. New Engl J Med. 2003;349:109–111
- . Venous thrombosis in cancer patients: insights from the FRONTLINE survey. Oncologist. 2003;8:381–388
- . Venous thrombotic events in cancer: the bottom line. Cancer Control. 2005;12(Suppl. 1):31–37
- . Cancer and venous thromboembolism. Am Heart J. 1996;132:850–855
- López JA, Kearon C, Lee AYY. Deep venous thrombosis. In: Hematology American Society of Hematology Education Program Book. Wash., DC: American Society of Hematology; 2004. p. 439–56.
- Tumor shedding and coagulation. Science. 1981;212:923–924
- . Tissue factor as a tumor procoagulant. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1992;11:249–266
- . Pathophysiology of the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:1854–1860
- Endothelial cells as target for antiphospholipid antibodies: Human polyclonal and monoclonal anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies react in vitro with endothelial cells through adherent β2-glycoprotein I and induce endothelial activation. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:551–561
- Complement C3 activation is required for antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss. J Exp Med. 2002;195:211–220
- Binding of anticardiolipin antibodies to protein C via β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI): a possible mechanism in the inhibitory effect of antiphospholipid antibodies on the protein C system. Clin Exp Immunol. 1998;112:325–333
- . Differential effects of anti-β-glycoprotein I and antiprothrombin antibodies on the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C. Blood. 1998;91:1999–2004
- . On the role of phosphatidylethanolamine in the inhibition of activated protein C activity by antiphospholipid antibodies. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:309–316
- . Antiphospholipid antibodies and the protein C pathway. J Autoimmunity. 2000;15:221–225
- . Antibodies to thrombomodulin are found in patients with lupus anticoagulant and unexplained thrombosis. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:384–390
- . Overview of new anticoagulant drugs. In: Sasahara AA, Loscalzo J editor. New therapeutic agents in thrombosis and thrombolysis. 2nd ed.. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2003;p. 61–74
PII: S0268-960X(09)00040-X
doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2009.07.002
© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Blood Reviews
Volume 23, Issue 5
, Pages 225-229
, September 2009
